Wednesday, May 14, 2008

How to trade red-hot commodities

With prices for most everything soaring, here's a primer on how to play the game using exchange-traded funds -- and a selection of the best ETFs to choose from.

By Harry Domash

Soaring commodity prices are driving the cost of food, gasoline, airplane tickets and just about everything else we want to buy to new heights.

As consumers, besides for cutting back on purchases, there's little we can do about this state of affairs. But for investors, rising commodity prices offer an opportunity to make some money. I'll get into specifics in a minute, but first some background.

Demand or speculation?

Commodities include corn, coffee, wheat, soybeans and almost all other agricultural products; crude oil, natural gas and heating oil; copper, lead and other industrial metals; gold and silver; and livestock.

Many commodities are trading near record prices. Why? Some blame growing demand from emerging markets. Others blame speculators. Still others blame the diversion of corn crops to ethanol production.

This question isn't merely academic. If speculators are the driving force, commodity prices are in bubble space and sooner or later will come crashing back to earth. However, if the reasons are more fundamental, prices are probably headed higher.

Try your hand via ETFs

If you buy the fundamental argument, you can use exchange-traded funds, or ETFs, to profit from rising commodity prices.

This is a relatively new opportunity. Most commodity ETFs have been available for less than two years. Before that, futures contracts were the only way to invest directly in commodities. But futures are short-term bets and too risky for most individual investors.

Another alternative is to buy shares of companies involved in the corresponding industry. For instance, you could buy an oil driller to gain from rising energy prices. But that doesn't always work. Often, related industry stocks don't follow commodity prices.

ETFs, as you probably know, are similar to index mutual funds. They track the performance of a specified index, for instance, the Standard & Poor's 500 ($INX). However, ETFs trade like stocks. There is no minimum investment, and you can trade them as often as you like.

Commodity ETFs usually track indexes reflecting futures prices. For gold and silver, ETFs actually track the prices of the metals. But the ETF shares do not trade at the commodity prices. For example, a crude-oil ETF doesn't trade at the same price as a barrel of oil. Instead, it trades at a specified fraction of the barrel price.

Nevertheless, ETF prices move by almost the same percentage as the commodity. For instance, if oil prices move up 10%, so would corresponding ETFs.

ETFs have expenses that keep them from fully replicating the commodity returns. For instance, a 1% expense ratio would subtract 1% from an ETF's annual return. Because most EFT expense ratios run below 1%, that's usually not a concern.

Put the tool to use

You can use MSN Money's ETF Performance Tracker to see how commodities are performing in general and to determine which commodities are outperforming.

Except for precious metals, all commodity ETFs are listed in the "Specialty-Natural Resources" category. So, select that category and then choose the "show all" option. Last week, the report listed 59 natural-resources ETFs, sorted by their 52-week returns, with the highest-returning funds at the top. (Actually, only 35 of the funds had been trading that long).

Select "Specialty-Precious Metals" to find ETFs tracking gold and silver prices.

Last week, crude-oil funds topped the 52-week natural-resources list. Click on the column header for any of the time frames listed to rank the funds for those periods. Available periods range from one week to five years. Because most commodity funds are new, you'll probably find the one-week, four-week, 13-week and year-to-date reports the most useful, in addition to the table for 52 weeks.

When I checked, crude-oil and natural-gas ETFs dominated most time frames.

A strategy

Commodities are notoriously cyclical. That means it's probably a bad idea to assume that crude oil and natural gas will continue to outperform other commodities.

Instead, diversification should be the name of the game. Yes, you'll probably miss a big move by diversifying, but investing success is more about avoiding big losses than it is about scoring home runs.

Here's a list of investable categories and my favorite ETFs for tracking them. I picked them based on longevity, returns, expense ratios and daily trading volumes. (I avoided lightly traded ETFs.)

Diversified commodities

iShares S&P GSCI Commodity Indexed Trust (CSG, news, msgs) tracks an index of 24 commodities weighted according to the proportion of the commodity flowing through the economy. The index is composed of 55% crude oil, 22% other energy products, 12% agricultural commodities, 7% industrial metals, 3% livestock and 2% precious metals. Expense ratio: 0.75%. 52-week return: 65%. Year-to-date return: 26%.

PowerShares DB Commodity Index (DBC, news, msgs) is similar to iShares S&P GSCI but with less emphasis on energy. It tracks an index composed of 35% crude oil, 20% heating oil, 12% wheat, 12% corn, 11% aluminum and 10% gold. Expense ratio: 0.83%. 52-week return: 59%. Year-to-date return: 25%.

iPath Dow Jones-AIG Commodity Index Fund (DJP, news, msgs) puts even less emphasis on energy. It tracks an index composed of 34% energy, 33% agricultural, 16% industrial metals, 9% precious metals and 8% livestock. Expense ratio: 0.75%. 52-week return: 27%. Year-to-date return: 16%.

Diversified energy

PowerShares DB Energy Fund (DBE, news, msgs) tracks crude oil in two markets, heating oil, gasoline and natural gas.

Expense ratio: 0.75%. 52-week return: 76%. Year-to-date return: 33%.

Crude oil

United States Oil Fund (USO, news, msgs) tracks the futures prices of West Texas intermediate light sweet crude. Expense ratio: 0.50%. 52-week return: 108%. Year-to-date return: 32%.

iPath S&P GSCI Crude Oil (OIL, news, msgs) also tracks the futures prices of West Texas intermediate light sweet crude. The expenses are higher than with United States Oil, but its returns are in the same ballpark. Expense ratio: 0.75%. 52-week return: 110%. Year-to-date return: 32%.

Natural gas

United States Natural Gas Fund (UNG, news, msgs) tracks natural-gas futures contracts traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange. Reflecting natural-gas prices in general, returns were nothing to shout about last year, but they have taken off this year. Expense ratio: 0.60%. 52-week return: 5%. Year-to-date return: 50%.

PowerShares DB Agriculture (DBA, news, msgs) is a pure play on the most widely traded agricultural commodities: soybeans, corn, sugar and wheat. According to PowerShares, tracking these four commodities reflects the performance of agricultural products in general. Expense ratio: 0.50%. 52-week return: 48%. Year-to-date return: 12%.

Precious metals

StreetTracks Gold (GLD, news, msgs) tracks the price of gold bullion. Expense ratio: 0.40%. 52-week return: 26%. Year-to-date return: 4%.

iShares Silver Trust (SLV, news, msgs) tracks the price of silver. Expense ratio: 0.50%. 52-week return: 23%. Year-to-date return: 12%.

One warning: Over the years, some very smart people have gone broke playing commodities. So, don't use the money that you'll need for retirement or to put your kids through college.

Also, experts advise that you should never allocate more than 25% of your funds to any one sector. Given that commodities are particularly risky, I advise reducing that limit to 10% or 15% for them.

Uranium Stocks: Denison Mines and Crosshair Explorations


They expect to sell 1.8 to 1.9 million lbs of U and 3 to 4 million lbs of V. Assuming a low ball price of $75lb for U and $12lb for V, we get the following revenue estimates (keep in mind these exclude other sources of revenues).

From U DNN will earn $135 to 142.5 million.
From V DNN will earn $36 to $48 million.
This creates a range of $171 to 190.5 million.

If you add costs of $22.5 million a quarter (essentially the Q1 expenses), then expenses are $90 million for the year.

If we also assume 190 million shares outstanding, then the EPS forcast for the year would range from $0.43 to $0.53.

The company earned $0.25 last year, then we get an EPS growth of 72% to 112%.

Now if we use a PPS of $7.50, then the forward PE is 17.44 to 14.15 and PEG of 0.24 to 0.13.

Now I have used what I though were fairly conservative estimates of prices and given those estimates, I get a minimum of PE of 17.44 and a PEG of 0.24.

This stock is undervalued and todays price action is indicative of this.

What would you consider a fair stock valuation based on your calculations?

Only concern is that you used a fixed price of 22.5 million per quarter for costs. Probably would see a ramp as activity picks up.
I agree that costs may increase over the next couple of quarters, but keep in mind that this quarter the company took that $10 million tax loss hit from Zambia. That will not recur, but I am using that $10 million each quarter as a buffer against rising costs, but as you point out it may still be conservative. The company, however, actually sounded pretty positive about input costs decreasing over the next year. I am not sure if I am as positive as them.

In terms of fair value, I guess that is the million dollar question. Generally, a PEG of 1 is considered a good value. Commodity stocks, however, tend to trade a lower PE and PEG values. Right now, $7.50 represents a PEG of 0.24 to 0.13. I would think that DNN should trade at least at a PEG of 0.8. That would translate into a PPS of $24.77 at the low end and $47.50 at the high end.

As I look at the PPS now, I think we would be lucky to get $25 by the end of the year. I looked at smartmoney and ( http://www.smartmoney.com/eqsnaps/index.... and the lowest PE over the past 5-years was 30. Using that number we get $12.90 to $15.90.

So when all is said and done, I would expect to see DNN between $13 and $16 at the end of the year. IF, and that is a big if, the hot money comes back into this sector, then $25-$30 is not impossible, although I find that unlikely.

Investors Pummel Denison Mines Despite Glowing Q2 Profit

By Colin Perkel
10 Aug 2007 at 03:25 PM GMT-04:00

TORONTO (CP) -- The CEO of Denison Mines Corp. [AMEX:DNN; TSX:DML] lamented stock market conditions on Friday as investors pummelled the uranium producer despite second-quarter results that showed a swing firmly into the black due to significant asset sales and higher revenue.

The Toronto-based company, which reports in U.S. dollars, earned almost $41 million in profit for the three months ended June 30, versus a net loss of $3 million last year.

The bulk of the black ink recorded in the quarter came from net asset sales of almost $38 million - primarily the disposition of Denison's stake in Fortress Minerals Corp. for $29 million and other portfolio investments for $16.5 million.

For the quarter, Denison revenues were just shy of $19 million, compared with just $2,000 in 2006, but expenses jumped to $18 million from $4.5 million last year.

Investors appeared unimpressed with the results, as Denison share prices, which have shed about 40% of their value in the last three or four months, plunged 4% Friday in heavy selling.

Denison stock closed at C$9.38 the Toronto Stock Exchange, a loss of 41 cents or 4%.

''I desperately hope that we get through this terrible market situation as far as the stock market is concerned,'' CEO Peter Farmer said on a conference call from Saint John, N.B.

''It always surprises me when you have a company that's stronger than it's ever been and yet the stock price today ... is some 40 odd percent lower than we were earlier in the year (but) we are strong and we're moving forward to get stronger.''

Second-quarter profits amounted to 21 cents a share, as opposed to a loss of three cents per share in the same period of 2006.

Quarterly revenues totalled $15 million from the sale of 145,000 pounds of uranium-3O8.

Sales from Canadian production from the McClean Lake joint venture amounted to 70,000 pounds, at an average price of $80.51 per pound. U.S. production totalled 75,000 pounds at an average price of $130 per pound.

Spot prices for U308 reached $136 a pound at the end of June, up sharply from $95 three months earlier, but have since fallen back to about $110.

''We've always considered 2007 as the year for building Denison for a prosperous future in a dynamic uranium market primarily by setting the stage for rapidly increasing uranium production,'' Farmer said.

Denison expected to see production soar from about 705,000 pounds this year to more than 3.5 million pounds next year and higher than 5 million in 2011.

To prepare for the extra production, Denison has acquired the Kariba project in Zambia, is moving forward with projects in Mongolia, has reopened a mine in Colorado and is rehabilitating another in Utah for $15 million, he said.

The company is essentially debt-free and has about $60 million in cash, Farmer said.

Denison has mining assets in the Athabasca Basin region of Saskatchewan and the southwestern United States including Colorado, Utah, and Arizona, as well as ownership interests in two of the four uranium mills now operating in North America.

Also in the quarter, Denison bought shares leading to the takeover of Australia's OmegaCorp Ltd. and now owns 96% of its outstanding shares and plans to buy the remaining shares as soon as possible.

The pressure on the spot uranium price is off. Perhaps this will end the weekend price watch, which has taken on the cloth of a ‘hurricane watch.’

After 47 consecutive months without a drop in price, weekly spot U3O8 had a small hiccup. It was inevitable. In 85 percent of those 47 months, the uranium price surged higher.

According to the month-ending edition of Nuclear Market Review [NMR], the spot uranium price registered at US$135/pound at the end of June – down by US$3/pound from the previous week.

“After 23 months of tight supply, rising spot prices, and intense bidding for material, buying interest has waned considerably,” wrote NMR editor Treva Klingbiel. “And the market now sees increasing interest on the part of sellers to move material.” Klingbiel was referring to the period commencing August 2005, when the spot uranium price first crossed the US$30/pound threshold.

Lack of aggressive buyers helps explain why TradeTech dropped the consulting service’s U3O8 price indicator this past week.

A few told us they would be willing to sell at US$135/pound, but have not been able to find buyers at this price,” chief executive Gene Clark told StockInterview in a telephone interview. “No one really needs it to meet contract delivery requirements right now. All the buying interest seems to be from discretionary buyers.

According to the June 30th issue of NMR, active spot supply rose to 2.5 million pounds U3O8 while active demand dropped to less than 900 thousand pounds. The supply/demand ratio rose to 2.8 during June.

In response to many pundits who have been chattering about a peak in the uranium price, we asked Clark about this. “We don’t think it’s peaked,” he told us. “But speculators could make the market volatile.”

We asked him what it would take to ‘collapse’ the uranium price right now. “If speculators threw five million pounds or more into the spot market, this would put a lot of downward pressure on prices,” Clark responded.

But what about the long-term market? “The long-term market is fine,” Clark answered. “We still see considerable long-term activity, with no indication of softening prices there.” TradeTech’s long-term price indicator remained at US$95/pound.

It was at this point when we discussed the spread between the long-term price of US$95/pound and the much higher spot price. We asked if the spread was indicative of a ‘speculator’s premium.’ Clark told us, “There is definitely a speculator’s premium. In more normal market conditions, the basis for long-term base prices has typically been US$1-2 above the spot price.”

He explained:

Our long-term price indicator is really more appropriate for initial delivery beyond the 2010 time frame, where nearly all the long-term activity is occurring. Those who have to buy for delivery through 2009 would probably pay more than US$95/pound,” Clark noted. “Thus, the speculator premium isn’t necessarily as high as the US$40 spread between these price indicators.

For the rest of the summer, and especially during August, Clark predicts the market will remain slow, given the historical experience. “Maybe we’ll see more buying in the fall,” he told us.

How Does The Price Hiccup Impact Uranium Mining Stocks?

According to Matthew Smith of TheInvestar, “Uranium stocks hit support levels across the board this past week.” Smith believes his Canadian uranium mining stocks index could drop by another 10 percent or more, which he considers ‘quite healthy.’

Smith also invests in the stocks found in his index. He wrote in an email, “We have been nibbling over the past week and a half, but are keeping some of our buying power available should we head lower.”

Smith told us, “Some of the best opportunities out there on the buy side are companies with actual deposits in ‘safe’ countries around the world.” Although Smith is not a registered investment adviser, he favors companies with uranium deposits in the western United States, such as Strathmore Minerals and UR Energy..

But Smith also believes Forsys Metals (FOSYF.PK) could soon go in play and possibly become a takeover candidate, following in the footsteps of UraMin. On June 15th, state-owned AREVA offered to pay more than $2.5 billion in cash to buy UraMin’s assets. As found with Forsys Metals, UraMin’s most advanced uranium project is in Namibia. One of our sources informed us that AREVA is not yet done buying companies in Africa.

This past Thursday, Forsys announced in a news release an increase in the measured and indicated U3O8 resource at the company’s Valencia deposit in Namibia to 41.4 million pounds. The company also forecast an increase of its scheduled U3O8 production, during the ‘steady state’ period, to 2.9 million pounds.

Other companies informed us of UraMin shareholders now searching for the ‘next new idea’ into which they might invest. Institutions and large sophisticated shareholders have been phoning and meeting with several uranium companies for the purposes of taking significant stakes. A new home for their recent winnings is how one uranium mining company defined this renewed interest in his firm.

Positive developments suggest uranium mining companies are entering the mainstream. For example, Uranium Resources (NASDAQ: URRE) and Uranerz Energy (Amex: URZ) both joined the Russell family of U.S. Indexes during the recent re-balancing.

We reviewed Bart Jaworski’s Uranium Equities Update, published on June 28th. Bart is the uranium mining analyst at Raymond James Equities Research Canada. Despite the minor spot price correction, Bullish Bart does not believe uranium prices have peaked. Part of the weakness he attributes to the psychological barrier of US$100/pound long-term pricing. This is probably one of the better arguments, because long-term uranium contracts provide a more persuasive basis for the uranium bull market galloping forward.

Jaworski’s four uranium mining stock recommendations are:

  • Uranium One (SXRZF.PK), Strong Buy – Price Target: C$20
  • UR Energy (UREGF.PK), Strong Buy - Price Target: C$5.30
  • Denison Mines (AMEX: DNN); Out Perform – Price Target: C$16.50
  • Strathmore Minerals (STHJF.PK); Out Perform – Price Target: C$5.60
  • In mid April, industry insider and Yellowcake Mining (YCKM.OB) director Dr. Robert Rich warned of a uranium price adjustment. “The minute buyers see things go down, they are going to flock back into the market,” he told us.

    For now, several stock analysts believe the current weakness could represent a buying opportunity. In discussions we had over the past month with various U.S.-based funds, we have few doubts the market should have a new wave of buying once the current correction runs its course.

    Just as the spot uranium price has begun a consolidation, or flattening, phase, so have uranium mining stocks. As we said, it’s probably just a hiccup.

    Julie Ickes co-wrote this article.

    David Urban submits: The Uranium bull market has been going on now for 4 or 5 years and some people think that it may be long in the tooth. Nothing can be farther from the truth.

    During the 1990's, uranium and mining in general was in a global bear market. Low spot prices made mining an unprofitable activity. If you were a large cap mining company you hedged production in order to lock in revenues and kept a close eye on expenses. Breaking even was the name of the game and Greenfield exploration was out of the question. But the awakening of China and India changed everything. Industrialization and manufacturing created needs for commodities across the board and with that prices have soared. Large-cap mining companies, hesitant to remove hedges and explore new Greenfield properties, have largely missed the boat. But who can blame them? After decades of fluctuating prices they had good reason to be cautious.

    Filling the gap were new, startup mining companies. Taking a different view of the global economy they went about surveying land, acquiring property, and drilling holes. Property was bought from companies who surveyed and drilled areas decades ago with the hopes of using state of the art technology to better understand the potential mineral resources lying under the surface.

    Using current technology, junior mining companies were able to look deeper underground and reassess drill cores to come up with a more accurate indication of a properties value. Computers and software allowed companies to create 3D scaled maps of a resource and better understand the appropriate type of mining.

    Junior resource companies raised capital through stock issuance on foreign exchanges and investors rolled the dice hoping that the company would literally and figuratively, strike gold. Gains of 500-5000% are not out of the question. The hope was that if a company struck a major deposit they could either sell the company to a major or bring the mine into production. Junior companies have also merged and created many mid-tier mining companies with the hopes of becoming a new major or a more attractive acquisition candidate.

    So where does that leave us with respect to Uranium? Well, many of the junior companies were listed on the Canadian stock exchange which shares a dual listing benefit with the US. Canadian companies are granted Pink Sheet or OTC listings in the US. When people think of the Pink Sheets and OTC companies images of penny stock scams come to mind. But some of the mining companies in Canada have market caps upwards of $500 million and a billion dollars with managements who have over 50 years combined experience in the mining industry.

    Being on the Pink Sheets or OTC is off the radar screen from Wall Street so coverage by the major firms is non-existent, but that is changing. Canadian mining companies are shifting their listings to the American Stock Exchange. Two recent companies are Denison Mines (DNN) and Crosshair Exploration (CXX) with more expected to follow suit.

    Uranium futures started trading yesterday on the NYMEX. Later this year, Wall Street is expected to start covering the Uranium sector when enough companies have listed to make it worth the time. Ahead of this coverage, if you are looking to invest in Uranium mining companies, you might favor companies who have applications filed with any of the major US exchanges. Watch your technical charts for buying and arbitrage opportunities ahead of the listing date as brokers accumulate stock to push to clients.

    Disclosure: Author is long DNN and CXX

    Rick Rule’s Picks

    Rule said the most important aspect of any company is management. Investor’s are betting on the management’s ability to bring value to the property.

    “Money is made where the rubber meets the road. And people make the money,” he said.

    He said it is important to find out the actual value of the property, not by asking the company, but by asking what someone else would pay for it. Also, investors should understand how much it’s going to cost to develop the property and where the money is going to come from, he added.

    For these reasons, Rule picked Denison Mines [TSX:DML], Azimut Exploration [TSXv:AZM] and Paladin Resources [TSX:PDN].

    He said Denison has deep exposure in uranium worldwide with a strong track record. As an intermediate uranium producer with five active uranium mining projects in North America, Denison expects estimated production of 5 million pounds of uranium by 2010.

    The company’s 25%-owned Midwest uranium deposit contains 41.7 million pounds of U308 of Proven & Probable reserves (345,000 tonnes grading 5.47% U3O8, 4.37% Ni and 0.34% Co), and is scheduled to begin production by 2010.

    Denison’s other assets include an interest in two of the licensed and operating uranium mills in North America, with its 100% ownership of the White Mesa mill in Utah and its 22.5% ownership of the McClean Lake mill in Saskatchewan.

    The company has exploration properties in the Athabasca Basin in Saskatchewan, Canada and in the Colorado Plateau, Henry Mountain and Arizona Strip regions of the Southwestern United States, as well as in Mongolia and, indirectly through its investments, in Australia.

    Denison is also the manager of Uranium Participation Corporation [TSX:U], a publicly traded company which invests in uranium oxide in concentrates and uranium hexafluoride.


    Denison Mines (DNN), who started to trade on the AMEX under the symbol DNN a month ago in addition to its existing DML listing on the Toronto Stock Exchange, has remained resilient during the May correction that has recently hit other uranium stocks.

    Whereas its most-oft quoted rivals sxr Uranium One (SXRFF.PK) and Paladin Resources (PALAF.PK) have traded mostly sideways and down respectively, Denison’s share price has appreciated, despite reporting a net loss of $5 million in Q1 and slashing uranium production forecast at its shared McClean Lake mine by as much as 40%. With the comparative dearth of available American-listed uranium stocks as compared to Canadian ones, Denison has adroitly positioned itself despite some recent disappointments.

    Tuesday, May 13, 2008

    Potash has a big future

    Potash mining is a serious business, according to PotashCorp, which in its annual report states that good potash deposits "are rare". Not only that, but barriers to entry are seen as high, given that greenfield development is costly (about C$2.5bn for a 2m ton a year mine in Saskatchewan, excluding infrastructure) and has a long lead time (five to seven years before production starts up). Potash, or carbonate of potash, is an impure form of potassium carbonate (K2CO3), mined from deposits left behind by evaporated prehistoric seas.

    Potash has a big future, according to PotashCorp:

    • There are few global producers. Only 12 countries produce potash, while about 160 consume it.

    • Government ownership is low: less government ownership means decisions are primarily market-driven, rather than politically motivated.

    • Demand growth is great: historical under-application of fertilizers is most pronounced in potash, but farmers have started working on the issue.

    • Supply is constrained: even with all producer expansions considered, tight supply is anticipated for at least the next five years.

    • Earnings quality is high: among PotashCorp's nutrient segments, potash is the most stable and provides the highest gross margin per dollar of sales.

    Spot prices are currently on the move. The Belarusian Potash Company (BPC) which represents Belaruskali and Uralkali, recently announced third quarter 2008 potash pricing for the Southeast Asian and Brazilian spot markets at $1,000 a ton for standard grade potash delivered to Southeast Asia, effective July 1.

    Canpotex (which represents PotashCorp, Mosaic (MOS US, USD 126.99) and Agrium (AGU US, USD 86.52) previously announced that standard grade potash prices in Southeast Asia would increase from $525 to $725 a ton, while granular potash prices for Brazil would move from $405 to $750 a ton, effective on June 1. "Given current robust potash market conditions", say analysts at RBC Capital Markets, "we would not be surprised to see Canpotex match BPC's new spot potash pricing" of $1,000 a ton for the third quarter of this year.

    Monday, May 12, 2008

    6 Medical Device Makers Poised for Growth

    As the credit crunch continues, many companies supplying high-end, expensive medical equipment and machines have been hit hard on reduced earnings.

    Sunday, May 11, 2008

    Make Market Frenzy Your Friend

    Gene Marcial's 7 कोम्मंद्मेंट्स of Stock Investing
    FT Press; 201pp; $24.99

    In Gene Marcial's new book, 7 Commandments of Stock Investing, BusinessWeek's "Inside Wall Street" columnist offers a counterintuitive method of picking market winners and profiting from a long-term approach. Marcial shares the perspective he has gained over 30 years of stockpicking, and he sheds light on the universe of corporate and stock market insiders, revealing how everyday investors can emulate their success. In this excerpt, Marcial describes his Commandment No. 1: Buy Panic.

    Welcome to the world of panic, the big generator of market meltdowns. When panic grips the stock market, waves of selling overtake practically every stock. There is panic on the upside as well, which drives up stocks in a frenzy. Just remember: Panic can be your ally.

    To take advantage of awesome declines, investors must plot a clear strategy to seize opportunities during a market panic, which usually comes out of the blue.

    The first principle to which investors have to adhere is simple: Be prepared. Assuming that you're already invested in stocks and want to take advantage of the bursts of market activity, you need to have a cash reserve. Cash reserves should be from 10% to 20% of your portfolio.

    The next step: Prepare two lists. The first list consists of stocks you want to own for the long haul. If you already have these in your portfolio, mark them as the stocks to buy more of when they tumble in price. The second list should consist of stocks you own but that have already produced handsome gains and that you'd be willing to sell to augment your cash fund when the market goes on a buying rampage. Armed with these two lists, an investor will know how to act when there's panic in the market.

    This is not to suggest that you engage in short-term trading. On the contrary, the Buy Panic maxim encourages building a long-term portfolio and, with an ample cash reserve, fortifying it whenever panic hits the equity market. When the market starts selling off, watch which of your favorites are getting whacked. Because you have owned these stocks for a while, you have an idea whether they are being unjustifiably pounded. Any drop of 5% to 10% or more should be enough to inspire you to buy more shares. If the stocks drop near their 52-week lows, that should also alert you to buy. Consider your cost at the time you first bought them. If their prices are lower than your original buying prices—or just about at that level—consider them a bargain.

    Let us look at the flip side. If the market is rapidly pumping up, as it was on Sept. 18, 2007, when Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke cut the federal funds rate by a half a percentage point, you should sell the stocks you listed as potential profit sources.

    How do you know which stocks are solid enough to keep and buy more of? You'll rarely fail if you concentrate on major big-cap stocks. Start with the 30 components of the Dow Jones industrial average, or the most widely held stocks, including IBM (IBM), Boeing (BA), AT&T (T), American Express (AXP), Coca-Cola (KO), and ExxonMobil (XOM).

    During market meltdowns, these companies get hit as much as the small-cap stocks, and sometimes even harder. Although they have vast resources and are AAA-rated by the credit rating agencies, they are as vulnerable to the panicky swings as the small fry.

    THE GOLDMAN STANDARD

    A good example of a stock that challenged investors is Goldman Sachs (GS), the premier U.S. investment bank. Even the Wall Street giant took a beating when the credit squeeze grabbed the headlines. If you played the panic game, you easily could have piled up significant profits.

    Shares of Goldman Sachs traded as high as 233 a share in June, 2007. The stock was knocked when the subprime mortgage troubles erupted. The height of panic selling started on Aug. 13, 2007, and Goldman's stock tumbled to 177.50 a share. In just a couple of days the stock got pounded even harder, pulling it down to 164. For the Buy Panic investor, that would have been a perfect buying point. Knowing Goldman Sachs' background and resources, would you have thought the company was in danger of getting into serious trouble because of the subprime mortgage mess? The stock behaved like it was in real trouble, and many investors, including some institutional investors, did sell the stock in their usual panicky way.

    At 164 a share, Goldman Sachs was a pure bargain, selling at just 6.8 times projected 2008 earnings of $23.90 a share, compared with a price-earnings ratio of 10 in June. A month later, on Sept. 18, the market mounted a giant unexpected rally, driven by the Fed's federal-funds rate cut. Goldman Sachs' stock was among the market's giant winners. The stock closed that day at 205.50. Just about a week later, the stock continued to fly, to 210—and rising. That was a $46 jump in just over a month, had you practiced panic buying. On Oct. 31, 2007, Goldman Sachs' stock hit a 52-week high of 250.70.

    IMITATING THE PROS

    Distress investing is another side of panic buying. The distress-investing player scouts for companies whose businesses have practically collapsed, driving their stocks way down.

    Even though individuals don't have the resources of professional distress investors, they can get into the game by imitating the pros. Usually, you can find out what distress players are up to from their Securities & Exchange Commission filings (sec.gov), which categorically state their intentions.

    For instance, if you know that an investment manager such as Martin D. Sass focuses on distress investing, you could screen filings by M.D. Sass to determine what stocks he's been buying. Investor service companies in Washington, D.C., specialize in tracking filings for these distress investors, and invariably, newspapers and magazines publish the information.

    Sass, in particular, has become an expert at investing in distressed companies. In 1972 he founded M.D. Sass, an investment outfit that manages several hedge funds and investment portfolios. The company's hedge funds invest mainly in financial equities, real estate securities, and risk-arbitrage deals. With assets under management of $10 billion, Sass is able to invest where most investors fear to tread.

    One of Sass's prized deals involved Leaseway Transportation, which provides trucking and related services in the U.S. and Canada. An economic slowdown and fierce competition had forced the company into a financial squeeze. Sass invested a total of $20.8 million, on which he made a handsome 60% profit when Leaseway was eventually sold to Penske Truck Leasing.

    In sum, opportunities abound if you are alert enough during times of panic. True, you can lose money. But by obeying the Buy Panic commandment, your chances of winning are considerably improved.

    Saturday, May 3, 2008

    MasterCard's inControl corporate card

    Two courtside tickets to an NBA game: $600. Five-course dinner with your client afterward: $300. E-mail from your boss at 8:15 a.m. the next day asking what company business took you to a champagne bar at 2 a.m.: priceless.

    This scenario could become a reality at offices around the world, courtesy of MasterCard. In partnership with Royal Bank of Scotland, the credit-card giant is launching a corporate card that allows companies to set strict parameters on which restaurants, bars, and hotels their employees can patronize.

    The introduction of MasterCard's inControl credit card couldn't be better timed. As the economy falters, many companies are scrambling to trim travel and expense budgets, bumping workers from business class to economy and cutting back per diem food allowances for road warriors. Next up, MasterCard is looking to pitch a version of the card to parents who want to keep closer tabs on their offspring's spending habits.

    Here's how inControl works: Using a Web-based interface developed by Orbiscom, a Dublin-based payments technology firm, a supervisor can set an overall spending limit for an individual employee or an entire staff category, as well as compile a list of approved hotels and restaurants (Pret A Manger, O.K.; Chez Panisse, not). They can also choose to have charges declined after a certain hour or at questionable establishments. Micromanagers will thrill at a feature that allows them to receive real-time updates on their employees' spending via e-mail or text message. The system also allows companies to issue staff or outside contractors cards that may be good for just one purchase or that expire in only one week. "It will help reduce maverick spending, improve compliance with corporate policies, and simplify accounting," says Steve Abrams, MasterCard's global head of commercial payments.

    FRAUD FIGHTER

    The inControl card is central to MasterCard's ambitions of grabbing a bigger slice of the corporate-card market, where it currently trails American Express (AXP) and Visa (V) with a nearly 23% share, according to figures compiled by The Nilson Report, a leading trade publication. Raghav Prasad, head of commercial cards for Royal Bank of Scotland, MasterCard's partner in the venture, says the bank is in talks with four companies in Britain that are interested in adopting the card. No date has been set yet for a U.S. roll-out, but MasterCard has been fielding inquiries from several U.S. government agencies after presenting the product at a recent conference in Washington.

    The biggest impact of the new technology may be felt when the inControl cards trickle out into the consumer market early next year. Software that allows cardholders to control when and where their cards can be used may help cut back on identity theft and fraud, which in the U.S. alone amounts to $45 billion a year, according to Javelin Strategy & Research, a financial-services payment research company. "This is the wave of the future," says Javelin President James Van Dyke.

    MasterCard is already in talks with various issuers to create a credit card targeted at college students. Parents could program the cards so they receive a text message if their son is racking up charges for late-night pizza deliveries or if their daughter is about to exceed the limit. MasterCard's Abrams, who has one child in college and another who just graduated, can't wait to put his latest product to the test. "I would like to have controls on geography," he says. "I don't want them to be purchasing on Web sites outside the U.S., Canada, and maybe Britain.

    Thursday, May 1, 2008

    35 Important Trading Tips

    I have compiled a list of tips that turned me into an above average trader. Feel free to add to this list in the comments section.

    1. Enter strong stocks when stochastics are oversold.

    2. Make sure volume confirms entries.

    3. Analyze the top and bottom 20 sectors every Sunday.

    4. Keep a daily list of stock breakouts and breakdowns.

    5. Do not let your watchlist get too big.

    6. Weed out your watchlist on a weekly or monthly basis.

    7. Keep it simple. Complexity leads to wasted time and subpar results.

    8. Watch for OBV divergences.

    8. Make sure uptrends are on strong volume.

    9. Always journal why you entered a trade the same day you enter it.

    10. Review completed trades monthly.

    11. Pay attention to market sentiment.

    12. Check S&P support and resistance levels daily.

    13. Do not confuse breakouts of support or resistance with breakouts that are within a range.

    14. Manage risk with stops and targets, and stick to the plan.

    15. Master a basket of 5-10 different trading setups that will work in different markets.

    16. Never chase a stock.

    17. Ignore the pundits, news, media and dare I say it, some bloggers.

    18. Stick with your own analysis, so long as you have well tested setups.

    19. Create a "daily prep report" for each trading day.

    20. Become a slave to price, volume and support and resistance levels.

    21. Unless you daytrade, do not watch every tick.

    22. Let your stops and targets work for you.

    23. Do not "micro-manage" trades.

    24. Understand your own trading psychology.

    25. It gets a bad rap, but I believe in "paper trading" as a learning tool.

    26. Read everything, but accept nothing.

    27. Do not get discouraged by a few bad trades.

    28. Manage risk by position sizing.

    29. Only take your best trades

    30. Learn when not to trade.

    31. Never allow fear or greed to consume your trading.

    32. Trust your setup.

    33. One last time: PRICE, VOLUME, SUPPORT and RESISTANCE

    34. Stocks do not go up or down in a straight line.

    35. Study past market winners and losers

    Trading Tactics

    Trading Tactics

    Gerald M. Loeb was a highly successful trader who wrote the classics "The Battle For Investment Survival" and "The Battle For Stock Market Profits." Although they've been around for as long as I've been alive, you may find them helpful in today's market.

    Once in a while I take time to review old handwritten notes I've taken from the books I've read in the past including from Loeb. These notes often serve as inspiration to my own trading. Even though I've read them many times over the years, they always offer a good insight.

    Loeb's Trading Tactics:


    • The market is a battlefield. Make sure you are on the winning side

    • You must trade with the actions of the market and not simply by how you might think the market should trade

    • Knowledge through experience is one trait that separates successful stock market speculators from everyone else

    • To do well in short-term trading, it takes full-time attention and dedication

    • Exploit all new trends quickly and aggressively

    • The best traders are usually psychologists. The worst are usually accountants

    • Stocks act like human beings and go through the same stages and phases as people do, including infancy, growth, maturity, and decline. The key in trading is to be able to recognize which stage the stock is in and to take advantage of that opportunity

    • Successful traders are intelligent, they understand human psychology, they practice pure objectivity, and they have natural quickness

    • To succeed in trading you must 1) aim high, 2) control the risks, and 3) be unafraid to keep uninvested reserves and be patient

    • The stock market is more an art than a science and far more complex than most people understand

    • It takes considerable amount of self-control to trade well

    • The more experienced and successful you become, the less you should diversify

    • Big money is always made in the market's leaders

    • The best stocks will always seem overpriced to the majority of investors

    • Resist the urge and temptation to change your strategy for each and every different market cycle

    • Traders should always close a trade when good reasons exist to do so

    • Tops in stocks usually occur when the advance in price stalls as volume or activity increases, or if the prices decline and the activity increases

    • A sell signal occurs when a stock rises sharply on big volume but ends the day at no gain or at a loss

    • Every new market cycle produces a new list of fresh leaders

    • Pyramid your buys - start with an initial position and then add to it only if the trade moves in your favor

    • Stocks are always way overvalued in a bull market and way undervalued in a bear market

    • Expectation, not the news itself, is what moves the market

    • What everyone else knows is not worth knowing

    • Three basis elements should be considered when evaluating a stock - 1) quality (fundamentals, liquidity, management), 2) price, and 3) trend (the most important)

    • Always sell when you start patting yourself on the back for being smarter than the market